Borotin Castle

The ruins of Borotin Castle are situated on the hill over the fishpond east of the village of the same name. The first written note of the castle is from 1356 when it was the residence of Lords of Borotin. It was abandoned probably in the beginning of the thirty years war (1623).

The oldest part of the castle was polygonal. Over the mound protecting the easily accessible side was placed the round tower -so called "bergfrit". The first gateway led through the first circle of curtain walls. The second gate with the second round tower defended the entrance to the inner part of the castle. The residential centre of the castle was made by the palace located on east side. On the west side, mostly destructed by mining, there are no remains of walls which could allow the reconstruction of this part of the castle.

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Choustnik Castle

The ruins of Choustnik Castle are located on dominant hill over the village of the same name. The castle was founded by Benes of Choustnik in 1262. His descendants sold the castle to the Rozmberk family that possessed the castle until 1579. The castle was rebuilt by Oldrich of Rozmberk in 1430. It was little by little neglected until 1614, when it was abandoned.

The double inner castle is enclosed with high wall with numerous notches that originally has originally the wooden structures on the top. Later the square mural towers were added to provide better defense abilities of the castle because they were able to carry heavy canons. The ditch was cut in a front of the wall on the most vulnerable places. Within the courtyard there were several buildings served as stables and shelters for grooms. The well in the middle is about 60 meters deep.

The main features of the inner castle are two square towers (bergfrits). The biggest and oldest one is situated on the highest point of the castle and guards the entrance to the outer enclosure as a potential weak point of castle fortification. The L - shaped palace next to the tower contained the residential rooms and also the chapel.

Choustnik Castle is a unique example of so called "gannerbenburk" that means double castle. The heard of the castle contains two independently defensible parts that were once owned by two different lords of the Rozmberk family.

 

 

Divci Kamen Castle

The ruins of the Dívcí Kámen castle are located near Trísov village 9 km to the north-east of Ceský Krumlov. The castle was situated on a high rocky hill locked by the waters of the Vltava river and the stream called Kremezský stream. This stream empties into the Vltava river under the castle. The name of the castle originated from the German word Stein - stone or castle and the word Maget (Mogt) - a girl or a maiden. The castle was called either the German word Maidstein (Menštejn) or the Czech juncture of words Dívcí Kámen ("Maiden's Stone") that is used up to the present day.

Within today's castle ruins a hill-side habitation was spread. This habitation was settled during several primeval periods. The centre of the habitation was destroyed when the castle was built, only some remains on the north and the north-east slopes were preserved. At the turn of the earlier and middle Bronze Ages the fortified community was established there. It was protected with mound from better accessible sides. The Gothic Dívcí Kámen castle was built during two stages. Between 1350 - 1360 the residential centre with a two floor north palace and the walls around were built. The eastern palace, the third floor of the northern palace with chapel and stone wall of the extramural settlement were built before 1383. At the first half of the 15th century the extramural settlement was extended on the north side to the eastern palace tower and it was fortified with two prismatic bastions. The castle was composed of three parts - the residential castle itself, the upper barbican and extramural settlement, "latrán" (a lateral long street leading to a town) built later on the south. The Dívcí Kámen castle was a typical example of the Gothic castle architecture at the times of the emperor Karel IV. The residential centre of the castle was made of two three floor palaces that contained a regular courtyard in their closed sides. Three rooms with the wooden ceiling and the windows situated at the courtyard were on each of the floors - ground floor and two upper floors of the palace. On the third floor of the northern palace there was only one hall with windows also in the external wall and with the arch on the northern part, which opened to the bay chapel. The way to the castle ran through three castle gates. Today the Dívcí Kámen castle with its 210 metres of length and 45 metres of width is one of the biggest castle ruins in Bohemia. Parts of the walls of the upper and lower castle and also parts of the castle fortification were preserved.

The fragments of the profiled jamb-stone of the windows in the deep niches with side seats and the stucco window and door frames in the east palace were preserved to our times. The Dívcí Kámen castle is one of the castles in Bohemia of which the foundation charter was preserved. Four sons of Peter I. von Rosenberg, Petr, Jošt, Oldrich and Jan, decided to build this castle. The emperor Karel IV gave them on July 1, 1349 permission to "build in the Czech Kingdom the castle called in the Czech language Dívcí Kámen and make its walls, moats, towers and other fences strong". The castle was built a short time after this date. The castle had from the beginning its military and administration functions. It was the centre of the independent estates owned by the Rosenbergs. At the time of contention between the Czech aristocracy and king Václav IV, in 1394 the castle became for a short time a place for the captured king during his enforced journey to Austria. During the first years of the Hussite war Ulrich II. von Rosenberg passed the Dívcí Kámen castle over to Vilém z Poštejna but in 1424 he took it back into his ownership. When Ulrich II. von Rosenberg passed his control over the Rosenbergs estates on his son Jan in 1457, he decided to leave for the Dívcí Kámen castle. In 1461 he came back to the family residence in Ceský Krumlov. At the beginning of the 16th century the castle's function as a fort slowly diminished but for all that it was reconstructed in 1506. The expenses on its care and maintenance were too high and that was why Petr IV z Rozmberka decided not to keep the castle any longer. The last burgrave was discharged, the left furniture was moved in the chests in the Ceský Krumlov castle and castle itself was abandoned. Petr V z Rozmberka wrote in the provincial register that "Meidštejn - the ruined castle" is the part of his Ceský Krumlov estates. Many stones from the castle were taken away by the local farmers to build their houses. The impressive ruins of the castle dominating the landscape were preserved until today.

 

Dobronice Castle

Dobronice Castle is located upon the Luznice River in the same named village. The castle was built probably in 14 century when was the residence of Lords of Dobronice. In 1455 it went to the hands of the Rozmberk family. In the beginning of the 16th century it was rebuilt and since 1691 it was owned by the "Jesuite" order. After the dissolution of the order it was abandoned and changed into the ruin.

The main castle feature is the round tower (bergfrit). It originally contained two palaces, one on the side up the river, the second was situated back in the most protected position. During the time of lately gothic reconstruction the next palace was built on the western side.

The luxury and comfort of the castle inhabitants were the most important think when the castle was rebuilt. The less attention was paid to the fortification of the castle. It was protected by ditch cut in the rock that protected the entrance to the castle. The castle wall did not contain any mural tower that would significantly improve the defense of the castle

 

Helfenburk nearby Bavorov Castle

This castle was founded in 1355 when the king Charles IV. granted permission to Jan of Rozmberk and his three brothers. More precisely - in April 1355 Charles IV. travelled to Rome in order to be crowned the Roman Emperor. On his way home he spent one night in Pisa where a certain revolt broke out and the newly crowned Emperor should have been murdered. This rebellion was oppressed and Jan of Rozmberk became one of those who came to help their monarch. Thanks to this incident Jan of Rozmberk and his brothers - Petr, Jost and Oldrich were honoured by Charles IV. with the permission to build up a castle on the hill called Malosin. Its construction was finished after nine years in 1364. This castle was the property of the Rozmberks but it had never become a seignorial rezidence. This castle and its surroundings were managed by a burgrave because of not so enormous interest of its owners. It served as an administration castle. The Rozmberks possessed it until 1475 then they sold it to Jan of Svamberk, who let the castle to Vaclav Vlcek of Cenov. He was an adherent of the King Jiri of Podebrady. The Rozmberks acquired the castle back in 1503. They had in possession until 1593 when Petr Vok - the last of the Rozmberks - sold it as "an abandoned castle" together with its estates to the town Prachatice. After confiscating the property of the town in 1622, the castle belonged to the Eggenbergs. Later on the Schwarzenbergs inherited it in 1717 and owned it until the first land reform which took place between 1921 - 1922. Then the castle ruin accrued to the Czechoslovakian state which leased it to the Club of Czech Tourists. After 1945 the ruin was classified among state castles and chateaux. At present it is managed by the town Bavorov together with the village Krajnicko.

The ruins of Helfenburk, widespread outside the wooded hills called Mlaka, are visible from large distance. The castle was built on a place where the rocky mountain range (that fronts to the southeast) turns to the east. This rocky moutain range divides the circular ground plan into two settlements round the castle and on its top there is a palace. The southern courtyard standing over the rocky cliff was defended by a simple wall with the battlement. The nothern one was far more vulnerable because of the approach that led to the castle. It was necessary to fort this side more thoroughly. An additional area was secured with a high wall at the end of the 14th century. The total fort was finished in the last quater of the 15th century when three bulwarks were built in the corners of the original wall. We can see more details after entering the complex. The existing wooden bridge leads to the inside of the former passage of the current entrance gate in the four-square keep, from which only its side walls remained. Behind this gate we can observe the large nothern courtyard with the rests of low building that probably served as stables and shelters for grooms. These buildings were laid out on both sides of the walls. We continue to the second gate. It had used to be the entrance gate with the drawbridge to the castle before the norhern courtyard was built in the 14th century. The most significant edifice is the castle palace. This monumental building was walled round (from three sides) by the moat. The oblong palace with the moat evokes the palace of the Rozmberk's caste Divci kamen and the royal castle Kasperk.

 

Landstejn Castle

Landstejn is the one of the largest and best preserved Bohemian Romanesque castles in the country. Its great mass rises above the forests of the Bohemian-Moravian borderland, protecting an important trade route leading into Austria. It is situated north-west of Slavonice. History of the castle is up to now full of obscurities, especially from the age when the castle was built up. Its foundation next the Czech-austrian frontier is not absolutely clear and an archeological research still goes on and can suggest various things. Jan Jakub Grassel, a well-known robber, who gave his name to all criminals up to the present days, lived in the romantic surroundings of Landstejn.

The castle was built between 1200 and 1232 in South German, or Austrian frontier castle style. The earliest Romanesque part, built in 1232 by the Austrian counts of Zibing, is the palace enclosed by the two polygonal towers one of which contains remains of a sv. Jiri/ st. George chapel. The remains of this chapel with remains of the 13th century frescoes form the core of the castle. Part of a once 34 m high square watch tower still stands in the former court of the castle, its walls are up to 4 m thick at their base.

In the latter half of the 13th century it became the property of a branch of the Vitkovec family, who styled themselves Lords of Landstejn with an escutcheon of a silver rose on a red field. There is reference dated 1259 to the Presence here of Oldrich of Landstejn. In 1381 a Styrian family, the Krajir of Krajek, received the castle and its associated territories in fief from King Vaclav IV.. But the King had a right to stay at the castle whenever he wished. The Krajir of Krajek, although originally from Austria, settled quickly in the Czech area and soon afterwards made Landstejn their domicile. They brought many improvements to the castle during the 16th century, made outstanding construction works. They turned the castle from a stone holding into a dignified residence of a Renaissance aristocrate. It was the time of the prime of Landstejn. But after 1579 it changed hands many times and belonged among others to the Czernin and Herberstein families. The most important possessors were obviously the Vitkovec family, especially Lord Vilem of Landstejn, a contemporary of Charles IV. and the most powerful aristocrate of that age. It was the most important period in the history of Landstejn. According to the testimony of Bohuslav Balbin the fire which damaged the castle in the 1660s was caused by lightning. In 1771 Landstejn burned down completely and was soon no more than a ruin. The castle was built on the juncture of the Czech, Moravian and Austrian borders. Today, with its recreational facilities and ponds, it makes a favourite destination for a number of tourists. Many cultural events take place in the reconstructed castle in summer. The narrow gauge railway takes weekenders and holidaymakers from Jindrichuv Hradec to the castle. According to experts Landstejn castle is the site of Schiller´s The Robbers.

 

Selmberk Castle

The ruins of the Selmberk Castle are situated on the hill near of Mlada Vozice town. The first note of the castle is from the 1318 when it was the seat of Lords of Selmberk. In the 15th century the owners changed very often. In the first half of the 16th century the castle was renaissance rebuilt when the new palace building was built. In the 17th century it was abandoned.

The main castle feature is the round tower. In the medieval it guarded the most accessible side of the castle. In 18th century it was romantic reconstructed and was used as an outlook tower. The castle originally contained the L-shaped palace. The vaulted cellars and the outer walls are the only remains of it. The cellars were accessible from triangle shaped courtyard with well within.

 

Vitkuv Kamen Castle

The Vitkuv Kamen Castle is situated on the dominant hill (the altitude is about 1100 m a.s.l.) up Lipno Reservoir. It is the second highest located castle in Czech Republic. The founders of the castle were Lords of Rozmberk. It was built in the beginning of the 14th century. The King Vaclav IV as imprisoned here in the year 1394. During the 16th century the modern fortification with bastions was added. It was abandoned in 18th century.

The main castle feature is the square tower - so called "donjon" with impressive size (14 x 17.5 m). It was used as the main residence of the castle. It contains the forebuilding that completely covered the stairway. The single entrance as a potential weak spot was placed at the first floor level and was reached by wooden drawbridge.

 

 

All pictures were taken by the author. Several text parts used in the article are originally from these web sources: http://fmv.vse.cz/cz/castles/helfenbu.htm, http://fmv.vse.cz/cz/castles/landstej.htm,